The need for fast and accurate diagnosis has become crucial to prevent and limit heart failure. The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases rise in many parts of the world. These electrochemical aptasensors represent a step further toward multianalyte sensing of cardiac biomarkers. In the case of BNP-32, the sensor developed has a linear response from 1 pg mL –1 to 1 μg mL –1 in serum for cTnI, linearity is observed from 1 pg mL –1 to 10 ng mL –1 as demanded for early-stage diagnosis of heart failure. To ensure low biofouling and high specificity, cardiac sensors were modified with pyrene anchors carrying poly(ethylene glycol) units. Covalent grafting of propargylacetic acid integrates propargyl groups onto the electrode to which azide-terminated aptamers can be immobilized using Cu(I)-based “click” chemistry. For this, commercial gold-based screen-printed electrodes were modified electrophoretically with polyethyleneimine/reduced graphene oxide films. We report here a generic approach toward multianalyte sensing platforms for cardiac biomarkers by developing aptamer-based electrochemical sensors for brain natriuretic peptide (BNP-32) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The capability of biosensors to determine an increase in the concentration of cardiovascular protein biomarkers in circulating blood immediately after a myocardial infarction makes them ideal point-of-care platforms and alternative approaches to electrocardiograms, chest X-rays, and different laboratory-based immunoassays. Rapid and accurate diagnostic technologies for early-state identification of cardiovascular abnormalities have become of high importance to prevent and attenuate their progression.
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